The popularity of lithium-ion batteries is on the rise due to their unique characteristics, such as their lightweight nature, significant energy storage capacity, high power output, and absence of pollution. Over time, research and production of these batteries have experienced remarkable advancements, leading to their extensive utilization across various industries. One notable trend in the realm of electric vehicles is the adoption of lithium-ion batteries as a primary power source. This development reflects the forward trajectory of electric vehicle technology.
The rapid development of lithium-ion battery technology coupled with its increasing utilization in emerging markets, such as electric vehicles, has triggered a worldwide surge in research and development efforts. As a result, lithium-ion batteries are poised to play a crucial role in the realms of electric vehicles and new energy. Amongst various types of lithium-ion batteries, the lithium iron phosphate battery is currently the most prevalent in electric vehicles due to its notable thermal stability, safety features, and cost-effectiveness. These attributes make lithium iron phosphate batteries the preferred choice for small electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) power batteries. Nevertheless, it is important to note that when compared to other lithium-ion batteries, lithium phosphate batteries exhibit relatively lower specific energy, specific power, and operating voltage. In contrast, lithium cobalt oxide and lithium manganate batteries present greater advantages for large-scale pure electric vehicle applications.
The widespread use of lithium battery electric vehicles does bring numerous advantages. However, it is essential to address the limitations associated with lithium batteries. These performance limitations encompass various aspects, such as safety, cycle life, cost, operating temperature, and material supply of lithium-ion batteries. By overcoming these challenges, we can maximize the potential of lithium battery electric vehicles and further enhance their overall efficiency and reliability.